Why Duabi become a successful city in short amount of time compare to Research Paper

Why Duabi become a successful city in wretched amount of time compare to different cities - Research Paper ExampleThe economy of the city has freehanded in double digits for the past decade with the GDP per capita growing from US $ 19,000 in the year 2000 to US $ 33,500 in 2006 (Matley & Laura 2007, p. 5). In fact, Dubai city has grown in stature to compete with the worlds biggest players in sectors such as port operations, financial services, tourism and construction. This research paper will evaluate the factors that confound enabled Dubai to become a successful city in a relatively short period compared to other cities globally.It is evident that oil revenues have played a significant role in the economic ontogenesis of most Arabic countries. Notably, the boom in oil prices in the 1970s helped the oil producing countries to obtain a cash windfall. Although Dubai had just around five percent of the oil reserves compared to other cities in the linked Arab Emirates such as Abu Dhabi, its rulers realized early enough that the oil revenue had to be invested wisely so as guarantee the city economic prosperity even after the oil was exhausted (Matley & Laura 2007). tribal sheikh Rashid Al Makhtoum laid down the infrastructural foundations that heralded the rapid growth of Dubai as a global metropolis.The policy-making landscape in the Middle East is different from the governance structures in the Western countries. Dubai is a monarchical state that is ruled by a prince. In as much as the political regime may not be necessarily democratic, the political environment in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates is stable (Bagaeen 2007). Thus, the stable political environment has played a critical role in attracting and facilitating investments. It should be noted in the past decades, the government of Dubai has been the leading investor in Dubai. Private investors have played a secondary role in the development of the city and it is the government that has driven the growth in

Role and Functions of Law Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role and Functions of Law Paper - leaven ExampleThis paper outlines the constituents and functions of law in the well-being of a venture in the corporate sector. It as well outlines the necessity of product line law professionals in a global perspective. In many occasions, law takes a significant role in regulating social behavior and supplying ethical standards in the society. This is seeming(a) from the rules of conduct, measures to enforce the rules and an effective channel of settling disputes. In the current society, laws play a vital role in peace keeping, promoting the freedom of line of reasoning persons and checking power of the government. The laws are bound together by constitutions, statutes and treaties. In this case, constitutions establish the fundamental principles of government in regulating the commercial activities of a given venture. At the same time, the statutes and common law involve elected representatives of the legislative branch of the state in imple menting the rules at hand. On the other hand, the treaties and executive laws are laws enacted between states and countries or president and governors. Such laws regulate the economic and semipolitical well-being of a given state in running its commercial activities. That is why they are assort in different categories in regard to their necessities in commercial activities in the society. ... These rules benefit the society in various ways and must be uphold in governing a business venture. It entails maintaining revise and letting business partners and customers understand the ethics of the business. At the same time, criminal law assists in resolution disputes and conflict between quarrelling individuals. Over the years, the laws have been used in identifying conduct and protecting individuals and property. This secures the wellbeing of business people and facilitates their survival probability in the market. That is why the government reinforces criminal laws that safeguard c ivil liberties and operate a smooth functioning of the business (Clarkson, 2005, p, 253). Substantive law in investments is not an exceptional in regulating the rules and ethics of the business. In a free market, substantive laws are used as statutory laws that define the rights and duties of every individual in the commercial set up. The rules confer legal and social rights to the business persons through guidelines enforced by government bodies. In most cases, it encompasses principles of right and wrong before outlining the credit of the case. Commercial entities use substantive law in resolving issues related to the rights and freedom of citizens. The law establishes a basis for the extent of freedom of individuals to own property or run business at a given place. In return, all the members of a populous business set up are cause to respect the business and property of commercial entities. When carrying out substantive law, the court plays an upper hand in examining the situa tion and determining the conduct of the parties alleged. In either way, the court resolves the issues at hand based on the values of business surrounding the commercial

Politic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Politic - Essay ExampleMao Tse-tung, who was the chairman, concluded that for people to begin stiring, it is a decision that has been made by the people of the terra firma. He also concluded that it is the new technology with the tools and weapons that supremacy a country and decide to begin war.The Chinese government officials use resistance in the fight against Japan. Comrade Mao in the year 1944, decided to change the resistance of the Chinese people where by they believe in the weapons. This has musical accompanimented the semipolitical leadership of the Chinese people because they believe in fights. The country converts the people of the country to be weapons forming the people to be rapid dogs which fight mercilessly tearing others fresh. On the contrary, Peru is condemning the use of the mobilization whereby it weakens the revolutionary war. The country denies the use of the homage to weapons whereby they reject the kind of political system that mobilizes the power of the fights which might affect other countries. Instead they encourage the guerrilla which makes the armed bands to wander. land in the political power of the two countries can only be maintained by the support of the political stability of the countries respectively. Funding for the political parties with the election campaigns assist the country to have a advantageously stable group of power and support. The parties in the countries always reflect the needs of the countries creating a good interest to the citizens. The membership and participation of the citizens of the countries dictate the political stability of the country. The modern democracy of the two countries depends on the swan of the political leaders. Choosing of the members of parliament is also a tricky issue with the presidential elections which promotes the leadership and governance of the two countries.The parties of the countries also contribute to the leadership and governance which leads to the defeat of their opponents. In

Process Of Change And Specific Change Strategies In The Coca-Cola Essay

Process Of Change And Specific Change Strategies In The Coca-Cola beau monde - Essay congressmanHowever, there are several varied criteria for creating the design and making action plans for implementing the same. This includes the readiness of the organization to turn out the flip, its present change capabilities, the organizational culture and power distributions, and finally the skills and abilities of the change agent. There are different kinds of organizational diagnosis which are based on their individual outcomes, such as human military operation interventions at the individual, group and total systems level. Besides the above, there are planned change interventions for modifying the organizational body structure and technology human resource interventions are aimed at improving the performance and wellness of members, strategic interventions aimed at managing the relationships within the organization with the external environment and the internal work ones and structu res which are required for supporting the strategies. The final form of the change interventions is evaluating the effects of the same and managing institutionalization of the change so that persists and continues to be sustainable in the long break off in the organization. The project makes an analysis and critical review of the change strategies undertaken in the Coca Cola smart set and arguments are presented with the regards to the extent to which the change strategies have been successful in the organization.... Critical review of process of change and specific change strategies used in the organization The critical analysis and evaluation of the change process in Coca Cola can be conducted with the help of two models, namely Weisbords Six-Box Model and Nadler-Tushman congruity Model. Weisbords Six-Box Model Following is the diagrammatic representation of this model. Figure 1 Weisbords Six-Box Model (Source Aspire, n.d., p.1-3) In this model, the two nearly crucial factor s for the purpose box are goal clarity and the degree to which the organizations are clear about their mission and purpose, the agreements of goals and the extent to which people supports the organizations purpose. With regards to structure, the model seeks to find the go bad between the structure and purpose of the organization. It is seen that the planned change implementation has been effective with regards to the fitness of the organizational structure of Coca Cola with the purpose of the change. Organizational leaders have particular researched extensively for the designing and schooling of organizational hierarchy and effective teams which can contribute maximum to the change processes. The different design options with regards to the restructuring of the companys headquarters were particularly effective in achieving high level of balance between the spheric and the local governance of groups and geography. Moreover the process of designing groups and teams was particularly effective and a learning sleep together (Hatch, 2005, p.14). With regards to relationships, the model contends the importance of three main types of relationships, i.e. relationships between individuals, relationships between departments and units performing

Researching a Critical Social Issue in Computerization Term Paper

Researching a Critical Social Issue in Computerization - Term Paper ExampleWith the same inspiration, the chosen book encompasses details about the journey of engineering science and how it has successfully made mankind its slave quite an than the opposite. Neil Postman was a technology critic, who doesnt favor the uncontrolled growth of technology and the reliance on technology more than human race intellect and judgments. His book Technopoly has addressed various professions ranging from medicine to education, advertising to commercial enterprise management etc. The current technological trends atomic number 18 troubling and causing impact on the lifestyle of individuals, culture, language and personal relations. Its step-by-step invasion has been unnoticed by many and has just been accepted as the eventual change of times. However, some people, like the author of the book, are conscious about the changes and try to gross out them as much as possible to ensure that they ar e not overpowered by it. The book stresses on few main adverse kernels that cause been discussed in the paper. B. Main Concepts from the Book The book explains the gradual technological changes that have taken place in the history of mankind the main factors that are considered pernicious by Neil Postman are Effects on cultural set Effects on human intellect Effects on social capabilities These three aspects are very important as they effect the social and mental development of humans, alongside the morals and traditions of societies. The power of technology overpowers the intellect of humans, changes cultural values and reduces the need for personal relations. These effects will be discussed in detail in the later sections of the report. These changes have not been sudden. On the contrary, man has witnessed varying degrees of integration of technology with the passage of the years. The author termed these changes as ecologic i.e. the original form of something is altered due to some change. The author categorizes the changes into three main eras tool-using culture, technocracy and technopoly. Tool-using culture has been delimit as the era in which tools were invented to solve problems. The tools did not threaten the cultures, traditions and mental capabilities of humans. Technocracy saw the integration of technology in the lives of the individuals however industrialism and technical incorporation were still not strong enough to drive away culture, language and morals. Technopoly is explained as the prevailing era in which technology has overpowered human intellect as machines are considered more reliable than humans. It is due to the technological integration in the society that machines are considered more safe(p) than humans. 1. Effects on human intellect The advent of scientific management took place in 1911 by Frederick Taylor. The principles of scientific management were originally developed for the production processes in industries but soon the respective idea intervened in the whole society and started being followed religiously by people who werent even a part of the industrial sector. Scientific management provoked the employees to perform their jobs strictly according to the rules and laws that had been laid mass for their specific positions. This created the dependence on technology and freed the people from the responsibility of thinking creatively and making

Corporate Strategy of Emerson Electric ACP Company Case Study

Corporate Strategy of Emerson voltaic ACP Company - Case Study ExampleIt is evidently clear from the discussion that profit pools are the exceedingly relevant business strategy which analyzes organizational activities and managerial processes to provide the firms with the competitive advantage by creating a value chain for the product and operate. According to Porter, the value chain comprises of five primary and four unoriginal activities. Primary activities are inbound and outbound logistics, operations, marketing and sales, and services. Secondary activities include procurement, human resource management, engine room development, and infrastructure. The firms analysis of these factors helps it to develop the appropriate strategy to maintain its market side of meat and increment the competitive advantage in the industry. Few of the various activities that the firm analyzes and then implements the changes to improve and improvise its instruction execution outcome can be brie fly described as under. The process facilitates the creation of effective logistics for the submit chain of raw materials and the network of wholesalers and distributors so that the quality goods and services can reach the consumers timely and efficiently. The snapper business strategy of any business heavily relies on the market and sales strategy that facilitates its products and services to meet the needs and requirements of the people at large. Competitive pricing and a strong market position are major business compulsions that are need driven. They use various types of marketing metrics in order to gauge the preferences of the people and help evaluate the strength and weaknesses in its strategies to improve its business performance.

American Court System U3IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Court System U3IP - Research theme ExampleCertain provisions allowd in the account statement Of Rights also provide testimonial to wicked offenders in the United States in terms of providing them with certain justnessful rights (National Archives, n.d.). However, there be certain protections that atomic number 18 available to criminal offenders through the Bill of Rights that do not currently apply to the states. In this regard, these protections include protection from excessive bail or fines, protection from unusual or cruel punishment and protection from indictment by grand jury among others. Amongst these protections mentioned, the excerpt from the law or the 5th Amendment guarantees that criminal exertion testament only be conducted on a grand jury indictment. However, this protection of criminal offenders will not be incorporated in the states as per the Due Process Clause of the fourteenth Amendment. Furthermore, eighth Amendment of the Bill Of Rights depict s that criminals will be protected from unkind or unusual punishments that are provided to them in union with the law. The amendment also deals with safeguarding the criminal offenders from extreme fines and bail imposed over them. ... It further determines about how a ill-tempered proceeding will be enforced towards a substantive law. Procedural based protections for criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights are also depicted as the principles considered by the Constitution, while conducting trial for criminal offenders in the court of law (2 UMKC, 2013). On the other hand, substantive law deals with safeguarding the fundamental rights and liberties of any citizen. This provision of the law depicts that any citizen in the United States will be equally protected relating to their fundamental rights and will be liable to obtain fair and reasonable treatments from the law in accordance with the fundamental rights possess by the citizens. In precise, it can be stated that substantive law are those general rights of any citizen that militia the power of an individual to conduct certain specific activities (Stanford University, n.d.). Q. 3. Which of the protections available to criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights are procedural, and which are substantive? The Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Supreme Court has divided the Bill of Rights into 2 parts, which comprised procedural and substantive. In this regard, the protections that are available to criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights can be viewed to be procedural along with substantive. Gaining a comprehensive understanding with regard to the division of criminal protections amid the two parts will be a vital concern. In this regard, according the due process of the 14th amendment, a few of the criminal protections depicted in the Bill Of Rights that are included in the procedural section, will comprise the following. An unbiased tribunal The

Supply Chain Management of Marks and Spencer Essay

deliver bowed stringed instrument Management of Marks and Spencer - Essay ExampleThe essay Supply Chain Management of Marks and Spencer examines cater chain strategies of one of the most famous retail merchants in the UK, Marks and Spencer (M&S). The makeup will also discuss supply chain structure that the company has been designed to implement its supply chain strategy.At the time of its initiation, M&S did not face much competition as the number of market players was in truth small. However, over the years the number of retail firms has increased in the UK as well as throughout the world with increasing popularity if retail culture. With the increase in the level of competition, M&S felt it necessary to devise some effective strategies to deal with increased market competition.In order to sustain in an intensely competitive market, it is very much necessary to retain brisk customer base and expand it over time. M&S has justifiedly recognized this need and whence have place d focus on delivering goods in the best realistic manner to its customers. This strategy is very helpful in improving the profitability of the firm and fostering a huge competitive usefulness in the industry. M&S have now emphasized on delivering high-quality up-to-date garments at charming prices to its customers.M&S has also realized that purchasing from overseas suppliers is the most effective track of speech costs. As one of its competitive strategies, the company emphasizes on redesigning its stores in such a means that they provide more comfort, more space, and more convenience to the customers at the time of their shopping and browsing.... M&S has rightly recognized this need and then have placed focus on delivering goods in the best possible manner to its customers. This strategy is very helpful in improving profitability of the firm and fostering a huge competitive advantage in the industry. M&S have now emphasized on delivering high-quality up-to-date garments at fa ir prices to its customers. (Neef,. 2004 Hensher, 2001) To survive under extremely competitive environment, it is necessary to improve its useable activities, suppliers, logistic, designing of stores and so on. The old stocks should be cleared from the warehouses to give way for new stocks that are up-to-dated. asunder from this, it is also necessary to provide due consideration on packaging of the products. M&S has determine all these needs for improving its competitive strength in the market and has designed competitive strategies accordingly to meet these needs. (Neef,. 2004 Hensher, 2001) M&S has also realized that purchasing from overseas suppliers is the most effective way of saving costs as well as of providing the products to the customers at lower prices. Hence, it has abandoned its policy of penny-pinching to UK suppliers only. (Neef,. 2004 Hensher, 2001) As one of its competitive strategy, the company is emphasizing on redesigning its stores in such a way that they pr ovide more comfort, more space and more convenience to the customers at the time of their shopping and browsing. (Neef,. 2004 Hensher, 2001) Supply chain strategy For a large scale of business enterprises, Marks and Spencer, one of the famous retailer in Britain, had set a very big example. For a very long time, Marks and Spencer has been a leader in the industry where there is a team of local suppliers working

Works of Art. Denticas artistic works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Works of Art. Denticas artistic whole caboodle - Essay ExampleStories by Dentica not only represent the politics in the country merely also the culture that the society especially, women have to defy in order becoming successful in the society (Munro 76). In this writing, emphasis will be on the stories, children of the sea, seeing things simply, and epilogue women like us. power and suffering The story children of the sea are Denticas work in which she narrates a story of 2 someones in Haiti. The theme of suffering and violence is evident from the story where the bank clerk tells of the challenges and hardships of life in the warfare torn region. The story entails two buffers separated by war in the country (Munro 76). The generator brings them together in his unique writing skills. The boat people is in use to describe the lover of the female person and the sufferings that he has to experience. From the narrator we get the phrase a number of students were shot in front of fort up Dimanche today, they protested for the bodies of the radio six. This describes the level of violence in Haiti and the oppressions plus sufferings they encountered. The author utilizes stylistic language to articulate the problems faced by the people (Munro 76). For example, she uses the vultures to explain how she spends nights without sleep listening and counting bullets in the dark (Munro 76).... Her violate succumbs to the hush conditions that she faces in the boat which leads her to great desperation. Eventually, the boat could not stay floating for long. In the children of the sea, the narrator utilizes first person archives to describe the violence and problems faced by in the story (Davis 74). Celline tells to her lover how she got pregnant from the ordeal with the macoutes. The author uses the phrase cutting the face to explain the action that Celine took to escape from her country. The narration creates a picture of the situation in Haiti due to the authors use o f styles such as symbolism. This enables her to convey her messages to the audience concerning the issue of oppression and the role of the women in the story (Davis 72). To express the pain in the society, the author utilizes crying as a symbol. The inhabitants of Haiti face problems and therefore cry. In addition, the author explains the lack of senses of the utter as Celines baby does not cry. The butterflies in the story convey information that relates to the difficult situations presented by the narrator. For example, there was a black butterfly which indicated the death of the narrator (Braziel 77). Through the use of symbols and other styles, the author portrays the writing as an art. The story seeing things simply presents Danticats use of style to communicate writing as an art. It consists of princesse and her encounters when she visits her painting friend. While Catherine is talking about art, princesse poses naked, but she is shy. She eventually gains her confidence becau se no other person watches her (Braziel 77). Through Catherines mentorship, princesse is able to produce a painting of her own. When she is going to the painter, she encounters

Distinguish the mnemonic functions of the hippocampus, striatum and Essay

Distinguish the mnemonic functions of the genus Hippocampus, striatum and amygdale - Essay Examplegenus Hippocampus can be related to limbic system of the brain and it has a significant role in not only maintaining long term memory but also in spatial navigation. These roles of hippocampus make it a anatomical structure of critical importance for a brain.When we talk about hippocampuss critical role in the brain, we should also mention its importance in the formation of factual and autobiographic memories in the brain of a human or a mammal. Hippocampus can also sound away as a gateway for the memory (Cohen & Eichenbaum, 1993). It is in a sense that all new memories pass through this gateway before getting into the permanent storage atomic number 18a of the brain. If we talk about the structure of hippocampus, we can call it a paired structure which is organise so that mirror image lies on both sides of the brain (Matthews, 2000).Damage to this critical structure of the brain c an lead to a in truth detrimental disease which is anterograde amnesia. In anterograde amnesia, new memories can not be organise by the brain because it loses the king of formation of any sort of new memories in the brain (Traub & Miles, 1991). In such case, older memories dont get affected and they are kept right in the brain. The affect is only on new memories. When a person gets damage to the hippocampus of the brain, he loses the ability to store new memories but all those memories which have a relation with his past, are kept safe in the brain.But it is not the case with skills and abilities of a person. Skills dont get affected by the damage to hippocampus. Even new memories which are related to the skills and habits of a person can be formed without a proper functioning hippocampus in the brain (Buzsaki, 2006). There are various researches which are being made these days by the researchers in the medical field in order to make up ones mind those memories which dont get af fected due to improper functioning of hippocampus. These researches are

Qwest International Communications Research Proposal

Qwest supranational Communications - Research Proposal ExampleQwest International Company is a public telecoms company that provides service such as wireless go, video and internet run as soundly as abruptly and ache distance communications to both individual and wholesale consumers. It has achieved its objective in conjunction with opposite(a) players such as Verizon wireless and Direct Television. The company is also involved in sub allow of properties such as warehouses and offices. Its headquarter are located in Denver, Colorado but operations are easily spread out to over fourteen states in the United States some of which are South Dakota, Oregon, Wyoming, Minnesota, Arizona, Idaho, Iowa, parvenue Mexico, Nebraska, Utatah and Montana.The company is headed by a Chief Executive Officer by name Edward Mueller who also serves as the chairman to the Board of Directors of the company, and under him are over 38,000 employees. These employees are involved in provide of go that are world class in nature. Qwest International Company has been listed in the stock exchange and with a symbol of raw(a) York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Q and revenue of over $13.8 billion in the financial family 2007 (Handley 264).Qwest Communications International specializes in ... Chapter 2 Qwest International Company.VisionTo be the company of choice that provides telecommunication services that include teleconferencing facilities, both post and pre-paid calling cards, provision of fiber optic networks and long distance telecommunication facilities to their customers.Mission The companys mission has been to ensure that employees strengths are utilized as a instrument of ensuring future success of the companys business activities.BackgroundQwest International Company is a public telecommunications company that provides services such as wireless services, video and internet services as well as before long and long distance communications to both individual and wholesale cons umers. It has achieved its objective in conjunction with other players such as Verizon wireless and Direct Television. The company is also involved in sub let of properties such as warehouses and offices. Its headquarter are located in Denver, Colorado but operations are well spread out to over fourteen states in the United States some of which are South Dakota, Oregon, Wyoming, Minnesota, Arizona, Idaho, Iowa, New Mexico, Nebraska, Utatah and Montana.The company is headed by a Chief Executive Officer by name Edward Mueller who also serves as the chairman to the Board of Directors of the company, and under him are over 38,000 employees. These employees are involved in provision of services that are world class in nature. Qwest International Company has been listed in the stock exchange and with a symbol of New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Q and revenue of over $13.8 billion in the financial year 2007 (Handley 264).Literature reviewProducts & servicesQwest Communications International specializes in three major areas of service provision the

Running Business in Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Running transaction in brazil nut - Essay ExampleBrazil is expected to invest US $18.4bn for the 2014 FIFA World instill in 12 Brazilian host cities funding 50 projects (Portal Brasil, 2010). By the end of the 1990s Brazil was ranked tenth in global automotive producers as the nation was willing to experiment with a wide range of supply and production arrangements (Strategic Direction, 2005). Brazil is undoubtedly poised for growth ever since its unusual exchange policy is liberalized. It is moving towards becoming the fifth oversizest economy (Williams, 2011). However, all these pose a rattling glamorous image of the nation but businesses desirous of investing in Brazil need to kick the bucket a complete picture of the benefits and pitfalls. Any disappointments could damage the credibility of the country that it is trying to build up. frugal situation There were more than 10 epochal oil discoveries last year which has pushed the nation up in oil producer rankings (The Telegr aph, 2011). Brazil is expecting a Tsunami of riches as Petrobras gets full production from the oilfields cloudy under the Brazilian Seas (OShaughnessy, 2009). This would help the nation overcome the repression and torture which impacted the living conditions. Flushed with exuberant cash has its pitfalls. Its currency is the most overvalued and real-estate bubble is expected in Brazil as banks have extensive risky loans (Lyons, 2011). Cost of doing business in Brazil has risen very fast. Brazil has abundance of inborn resources and could be the world power but poor management and leadership have led to large debts (Balsom, n.d.). Economic growth in Brazil has been built on a very fragile structure as 10% of its population is completely illiterate and 68% functionally illiterate (The Brazil Business, 2011). Millions of students fall come on from secondary schools without being able to write in English. What is astonishing is that it is socially accepted and expected that they w ould not learn anything in school. Unemployment in Brazil was 9.9% as of 2009 (McGladrey, 2010). However, through targeted social programs, through subsidizing house loans and raise the minimum wage the government has been able to pull more than 20 million people out of poverty (The New York Times, 2011). President Lula paved the growth that solidified the country and made it a significant player in the world. However, the next President again has not been able to win the confidence of the people. Thus, on the one hand while it has abundance of natural resources, a large industrial base, a coarse population base, making the market attractive to investors, economic uncertainties make it difficult to improve its competitiveness or build a modern infrastructure (Austrade, 2001). wear The nation has a large labor ram but the workers are either unskilled or semi-skilled. There is a shortage of technical personnel. Labor unions can be militant especially in the metallurgical, automobi le, banking and transport sectors (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2005). They make a significant quarter in the country. Fringe benefits and social security for the laborers is not very strong. However, foreign investors do not pay back problems with labor because they follow local standards and practices. and the country has been the top producer/exporter of soybeans, cattle and beef products, and poultry. Major issues in doing business in

Labor Relations in Different Organizations in The United Arab Emirates Essay

Labor Relations in Different Organizations in The United Arab Emirates - Essay ExampleThe following paper analyses, types of work permits, the incompatible categories of violations, and the human rights of wear downers in the UAE. A look at the Dubai bank also provides input on the above issues (Allah 1978, p. 78). The beginning of 2011 saw the submission of work permits in the UAE via the Cabinet Resolution No. 25 of 2010. They include work transfer, temporary, part- snip insubstantial persons and force out sponsored by kin work permits. The work transfer permit covers non-nationals working in the UAE transferred amidst organizations in spite of appearance the UAE of which must be registered by the Ministry of Labor. Temporary work permits, on the other hand, cover both(prenominal) national and non-national personnel working on a project for slight than six months. Part time work permits cover individuals working part time for few hours compared to full time workers who wor k for bare hours (Allah 1978, p. 156). The number of hours specified by the Ministry of Labor for full time employment includes eight hours excluding lunch breaks therefore, hours worked less than the outlined eight hours constitute part time employment. This allows both national and non-national personnel to take up more(prenominal) than one line of business unlike in the past, whereby, people were only allowed to have one job at a time. However, changes of the intricate details of this permit are still underway. This is because various issues keep arising with the encountering of different milestones. Juvenile persons permits cover young individuals between 15 to 18 years seeking employment within organizations. Permits for personnel sponsored by their kin cover dependants sought to work for an organization. Meaning expatriates finally have the fortune to act as their dependants sponsors. This allows their kin to acquire work permits despite them not being eligible for either of the above listed permits (Allah 1978, p. 198). Therefore, the introduction of different types of work permits made it easier for the Dubai Bank Human Resource managers to recruit personnel in an easier way. For example, they were able to capitalize on the permits for personnel sponsored by their kin. This is because they used these permits as incentive when soliciting the serve of expatriates. These permits allow dependants of an expatriate to get employment easily because getting a work permit ceases to be an obstacle. Therefore, Dubai bank officials continue to embrace the gradual changes implemented by the Ministry of Labor (Pawan 2007, p.77). With the recent global recession, violations of weary regulations in the UAE increased dramatically. As a result, the Ministry of Labor came up with policies which sought to address these violations. Companies like the Dubai bank, therefore, readjusted their labor relation policies to accommodate the reevaluated regulations from the L abor Ministry. The Ministry made three categories of violations known to the public. Black points awarded by the Ministry showed the seriousness of these violations. The more the black points earned by an organization, the barren the penalties imposed. Penalties were either fines or the organization would be downgraded in severe cases. The latters imposition occurred when a firm acquired more than 100 black points in both given year (Pawan 2007, p.119).

Management Accounting Assesssment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management Accounting Assesssment - Coursework causeOn the basis of such information, caution formulates the future strategy to be followed to retain its competitiveness in the industry. In the contemporary environment, organisations are paying special attention to two main factors. The first superstar is associated with incorporation of continuous improvement in the operations of the organisation and the second one is monitoring the comprise with help of an advanced and flexible accounting system. In this given project, both these factors will be discussed, drafting examples from Corus. At the beginning, a brief introduction about Corus will be given and later on issues associated with continues improvement and flexible costing system will be discussed. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn to summarise the information gathered in the project. About Corus Corus is the second largest make producer in Europe with its main operations in UK and Netherlands. It is a subsidiary of Tat a Steel, one among the worlds lapse ten steel manufacturers. ... The company pays special attention towards the changing needs of its international customer base. Tata is an Indian conglomerate that operates in chemical, telecommunication, consumers goods, automotive and leisure industry. The Corus exclusively consumes 6.5 million tonnes of iron ore and 2 million tonnes of scorch each year to produce 4.3 million tonnes of steels. Its principle production site is at Scunthorpe that alone employees 5,500 battalion who work in 2,000 acres of area. The steel produced by Corus is used for production of rail, steel products, steel rods and steel plates. The production units of Corus are highly conscious about sustainable development hence the company is make investments to minimise emission of carbon and other greenhouse gases. With time, demand for steel in developing nations identical China and India will grow further. On the other hand, international organisations are constantly i ncreasing air pressure on the steel producers to minimise the negative impact on the environment. Therefore, while formulating the future strategy for the Corus, its management is likely to pay special attention to these vital issues. Benefit of continuous improvement in Corus What is unremitting Improvement- The term continuous improvement is derived from the Japanese word Kaizen which means making changes that bring about approach in the overall processes in an organisation. This comprises of IT, engineering, financial, commercial, customer services and manufacturing related processes. It essentially involves making small changes in the process instead of making big changes intermittently. This calls for a close supervision of the overall business processes and workout a tight control. Parties

A report on Agile and OOAD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

A report on Agile and OOAD - Research Paper ExampleGuidelines for Combining Agile with other approaches 9 VIII. Case Study 10 IX. Recommendations and Ch whollyenges 10 X. Bibliography 11 I. Introduction In the past few years, at that place have emerged a large physical body of software program reading practices and processes. In this scenario, agile software schooling methodologies have become a trend in quickly changing software industry. In the past, besides the traditional software phylogeny methodological analysis was the only method to develop software merchandises. However, it was not verifying for late changes and iterations. In order to deal with the issues presented in traditional software development approaches there emerged a very attractive software development approach, known as agile software development. Soon it became a standard software development approach which received a great deal of offer of altogether kinds of experts from the software industry. At the present, the majority of software development firms and software developers are aware of agile software development methodologies. They use it all the way through the software development lifecycle. Basically, agile software development approach is based on some principles which can be tailored according to varying requirements of software projects. This report will present a detailed analysis of agile software development. ... In this scenario, the bourne agile is used to reveal number of meanings like that implement changes cursorily, deliver the completed product rapidly and accommodate change frequently. In view of the fact that there are a large number of software development approaches (for instance Scrum, XP and many more) which come below the umbrella of agile software development paradigm and they differ in emphasis and practices, however they all follow the same principles which come under agile agenda. In this scenario, many researchers present the common descriptio n of the agile manifesto. According to researchers agile methodology and its family members are based on the following principles (Kavitha & Thomas, 2011 Lucia & Qusef, 2010 Paetsch, 2003) Working software application or a product should be delivered as rapidly and regularly as possible (it should be delivered in days in place of weeks and in weeks in place of months) Working software application should give an insight into the come up of the overall project Improving the customer satisfaction by providing them rapid and regular release of use software application. Agile software development methodologies are aimed at supporting and accommodating late changes all the way through the software development lifecycle. In fact, late changes in requirements are effectively accommodated without having upright effects on the overall development or project. Agile software methodologies are designed to support effective collaboration, communication and close on a daily basis cooperation be tween business mint and developers in fact among all the stakeholders Agile software development methodologies are highly based on

Eight Elvises Essay Example for Free

eightsome Elvises EssayFollowing the times of the middle 1950s Abstract Expressionism sparked an interest for Andy Warhol, and during the 60s Andy, and Roy Lichtenstein created a new realism of America. This new realism was cal lead tonic Art which expressed daily smell in America as it was beingness lived. Warhol was born in 1928 as Andy Warhola, he grew up with a oddment in commercials, and after a very successful life he became the main figure associated with Pop Art.His art is some of the most well known art of all time, and he is considered ace of the spunky hat artists of all time, his greatest painting was d matchless on burn downvas in 1963 called the Eight Elvises and is worth one hundred million dollars, which this amount is in the likes of Jackson Pollock, and Pablo Picassos work. Andy Warhol has legion(predicate) accomplishments during his life, and he was inspired by many different deal and things. His talent led him to many opportunities including movies and artwork.Growing up Warhol was diagnosed with chorea which is a disease of the nervous system that causes movements that are involuntary. This disease is correlated with scarlet fever, causing Andy to grow up primarily bed-ridden, and this is where he listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars which helped him gain his own personality and attributes. After his essay he spent his time at Carnegie School of Fine Arts Institute in Pittsburgh, he studied hard and showed his artistic capability earlyish while he studied commercial art.Warhol was readily offered a position in New York drawing advertisements for a garb company. This is where his whimsical colors started to be portrayed in his drawings of those shoes. While working with the shoe company he was recruited to illustrate the vinyl record album covers for band by record labels who at the time were extending with musical talent. In 1952, while Warhol was doing shoe art he was also doing his own art on th e side. He wanted to show his early work to the public, so after pitching his idea he got his first art show in New York at the Hugo Gallery.All of his works during these times are very interesting to me, because he employ his art to represented life as it was in America every day. Warhol took these everyday things as unproblematic as Campbells soup cans, or Coke Cans and turned them into monumental items in Americas life. These items sell over 3 million products a day these companies should be thanking Andy for making their business boom Worldwide. Warhol stated You can be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you know that the President drinks Coca-Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca-cola, and just think, you can drink Coca-Cola, too (Art).This art of the soups and cokes form analytic lines the way he stacks cans precisely and mathematically as he draws, which takes extreme precision and measurement on his part to make sure that everything is square(a) and perfect. After these paintings were produced, Warhol began getting very well known in the New York art valet. This art led him to moving on to what was called The pulverization where many creative minds ranging from actors, writers, musicians, and other artists would drop by and lend their inspiration.The Factory is where Andy let his ability shine, he decided to get rid of a difference between high and low art, and make known that art can be set in motion anywhere. High art being art that has history and low art being art that has no history, but Andy wanted to actualize high and low all together. Warhol liked the factory because it had a crazy atmosphere that fit his life style. He produced all of his work during the time at factory while he was working there.Including in 1963 piece that had the most impact on me which was the silkscreen painting Eight Elvises because the unusual thing more or less this silkscreen is that it is unique. Warhol had many other silkscreens that were produced sometimes in the h undreds, and Warhol only made one Eight Elvises. This 12 ft canvas shows from left to right Elvis in cowboy rise with his gun drawn in his right hand with seven repeat images on the left of his soundbox finishing off with a full body view with left hand in collection as his body fades away. Warhol was known as a primary visual artist and this art is an casing of that.Silkscreen is a stencil method of printmaking in which a design is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance, and ink is forced with the mesh onto the printing surface. Warhol did not bother to clean up the imperfections of the print including slips of the screen, uneven inkings of the roller, and general graininess. I believe that this artwork and the artists represent America because Warhol utilise American icons such as items and faces to secure a place for these in history.For these reasons this is why I have chosen this artwork. I like that he used a popular person Elvis and put his pop art twist on him move him into eight western Elvises ready to draw his weapon, I think this means that he is a undeviating hero for America to lean on. Warhol uses high and low art through his artwork giving it a desirable product. During the sixties his art was very distinct and powerful which in turn Warhol gained mass popularity, and people that had known him had been driven away from him due to his success.In 1968 a woman that worked for Warhol on occasion found him and shot him in the stomach, stating that He had to much control over my life (Art). He survived the gunshot, but was wound horribly and was required to wear a bandage on his stomach for the rest of his life. After this possibility Warhol returned to the art world creating some more of my favorite art because of the way that he uses colors on the faces of American icons such as Marilyn Monroe, Mr. and Mrs. JFK, even Jimmy Carter, Mick Jagger, and Elvis. After the assassinatio n attempt he also began publishing a magazine called Interview which is still published today.This magazine was dubbed as The vitreous silica Ball of Pop (Interview. com) due to Warhols style of running the magazine, Andy would take pictures of famous people or items and by adding his color schemes he would make the entire magazine look like his art. A pct of this magazine is still dedicated to Andys style of work. His hard work ethic led him to many art shows getting his work extensively in museums and chokeeries around the world until he died during a gall bladder procedure that was deemed a safe procedure.His work of almost forty years has secured his position as one of the most influential talents of all time, and one of the greatest artists in the world. Warhol grew up with tough conditions steer to his confused life and very awkward personality type, these factors contributed to his choice of being a homosexual and his inhalation of wanting to only make rich people richer by putting their pictures in the art world for more people to look at this is why he did so many self portraits. He wanted everyone to remember what he did and to this day I would say he made a defective impact.

Exotic Animals Essay Example for Free

alien Animals EssayThe strange living creature trade is a growing patience in which exotic sentient beings ar bred, sold, and traded in massive amounts. Millions of exotic animals are being kept in private residences, small roadside zoos, and traveling tearing animal exhibits. Sadly, beautiful and majestic animals are being held captive in misfortunate living conditions. They are being deprived the enrichment and companionship that they require to develop and flourish effectively as if they were living in the wild. These mistreated animals pile be extremely insidious to merciful health, the safety of the public, and the animals themselves. galore(postnominal) exotic animal attacks reach been front page tidings most recently, the release and killing of il exotic animals in Zanesville, Ohio, was said to be the worst exotic animal incident in fall in States history. This dangerous incident and those like it need to be thoroughly investigated, and legislation must be amend to avoid future incidents. Stricter laws will ensure exotic animals are being cared for humanely and the public is protected. communal exotic animals that are being purchased for private ownership or entertainment pur vexs are large high cats, bears, wolves, zebras, reptiles, birds, and nonhuman primates.The ge sort outic anomalies of zedonks, crossbreeding zebras with donkeys, are even being advertised for trade (Green). All of these exotic animals may seem cute and cuddly in zoos and other exhibits, but they are extremely dangerous if not cared for appropriately. The care of exotic animals sewer be expensive, and many people will purchase these animals asleep of the hails that are required to maintain the animals health and environment. Many investigations into exotic animal attacks keep back revealed that these animals are not being cared for in humane ways.They were not being fed adequately and have not received appropriate medical care. The conditions these animal s are forced to live in sess stag them violent towards owners or handlers. They become violent because they are hungry or because of health problems they have developed due to their ill- manipulation. strange animals potentiometer carry diseases that can be dangerous to humans and, in some cases, even fatal. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that seventy thousand people in the United States contract the bacterial disease salm championlla from the handling of reptiles, such as snakes or iguanas (Kirpalani).Humans have died from being exposed to diseases like the Monkey B virus carried by nonhuman primates as swell as rabies found in many different species of animals. Additionally, humans can pose a threat to the exotic animals when they come into contact with them. Diseases that humans carry, like the herpes guilelessx virus, if contracted, can be fatal to certain small primates (Parsell). Many people question why there are a great number of exotic animal s for sale in the United States. The answer is simple exotic animal trade has been significantly profitable for those parties involved.The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals reports that the illicit trafficking of exotic animals is a twenty-billion dollar industry (Eaton). Even though many states have laws that prohibit the sale and purchase of exotic animals, they continue to be illegally purchased through easy access websites, exotic animal brokers, exotic animal breeders, and exotic animal auctions held at livestock yards. There were even reports of one Texas fair sex selling tiger cubs from the back of her car in a Wal-Mart parking lot.I recently visited the website ExoticAnimalsForSale. net and discovered over six-hundred advertisements for exotic animals that were being sold. The animals ranged from large game cats to exotic birds and dangerous reptiles. Interested buyers can alone purchase these animals with one click of the mouse. The ease of illega lly purchasing exotic animals has made this industry considerably successful. The lack of awareness and ignorance of many people that own exotic animals has been the cause of many incidents or attacks that have occurred.Recently, Terry Thompson, of Zanesville, Ohio, released his fifty-six exotic animals from their secure cages and then took his own life, enabling the animals to dangerously vomit up the farmland surrounding the moderately populated community. Most of the exotic animals released were extremely dangerous and posed a threat to the public. That afternoon, law enforcement officials were ordered to shoot and kill eighteen Bengal tigers, seventeen lions, six black bears, triplet mountain lions, two grizzly bears, two wolves, and one baboon.One other primate, a macaque monkey was account missing, but later the remains were found and had been half eaten by another animal. Zoologist and animal active were appalled that all the animals had to be exterminated, especially the eighteen Bengal tigers a species that is currently found on the world(prenominal) Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN). Although forty-nine of them had to be killed, only one bear, two monkeys, and three leopards were successfully trapped and transferred to the nearby Columbus Zoo.Investigation later revealed that Thompson was not a sane person. He had past run-ins with the law concerning the welfare of his animals, and he had been convicted of animal cruelty in 2005. comparable incidents have occurred concerning the dangers of exotic animal ownership. Like the couple from Grain Valley, Missouri who were charged with endangering the welfare of a child when their pet ferret chewed off seven of their infant sons fingers down to the knuckle.The news has reported many other shocking exotic animal incidents that have occurred this year. In Connecticut, a tv set animal star chimpanzee bit off both hands and mauled the face and of an elderly woman. In Florida, the death of a two year old girl who was squeezed to death in her crib by a pet python raised many concerns with the government officials that enforce animal ownership laws. These incidents, as well as many others, have shown that protective action must be taken immediately by law makers.The leniency in laws that prohibit the sale and purchase of exotic animals does not come without consequences. The Exotic Animal Incidents database compiled by the animal protection agency Born Free USA reports that seventy-five human deaths and over fifteen-hundred non-fatal incidents have occurred over the last twenty-one years (Whyte). As a result of the Zanesville incident, Ohio governor John R. Kasich issued an executive order requesting state agencies to increase surveillances and enforce stricter laws relating to animal health, captivity, and cruelty.The executive order called for The Ohio section of Health, The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, and The Ohio Department of Agri culture to cooperate in the detailed investigation and additional inspection of private exotic animal owners and their facilities where wild animals are being bred, raised, and exploited. Ownership of exotic animals is legal in nine states, and in thirty other states, exotic animal ownership is legal if permits are simply applied for through state and local organizations (Kirpalani). These states must revise this easy process that they have developed. The laws should make exotic animal ownership harder.The process should weed out those individuals that are not competent affluent to care for these animals. Our federal government has only one law in place to regulate the treatment of animals. The Animal Welfare Act, signed in 1996, requires that minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for moneymaking(prenominal) sale, used in research, commercially transported, or exhibited to the public (USDA). Exotic animals should never be pets. They are wild animals and should be treated as if they are roaming free in their natural habitat, not at the cost of entertainment and human profits.It is imperative that state lawmakers and government officials take immediate action to pass soaked legislation to protect the worlds exotic animals. Without these laws in place, many more animals will be held captive, mistreated, and set up as a danger to the public. Exotic animals should be in legitimate zoos where they can live in appropriate habitats, receive proper veterinary care, and adequate nutrition. Only professionals in a zoo should have the responsibility of providing the care and attention that these innocent animals deserve.

Christians Should Not Take Part In Sport Or Shopping Essay Example for Free

Christians Should Not subscribe to Part In Sport Or Shopping EssayThe important thing about this bidding is that it can be argued two ways. many a(prenominal) people would see entertainment or shopping as a chore thitherfore related to work. Others would argue that it is a leisure activity and it is not work. With this in mind the church instated a law saying that solely Catholics must attend mass on a sunshine. The Catholic Church itself has no laws or restrictions about shopping or playing disport on a Sun daytime. By tradition Sunday was the holy day separated and set out by the fact the mass going was essential to the days activities. In The Old testament there is a saying in the book of Ecclesiastes saying there is a set and provide meter for everything which basically means people should balance out there time between things. In todays cabaret were everything is on the move and rushed priorities should be examined and people should use the gift of time wisely. im mortal himself as many believed set down the day of worship. Sunday has three main important events, which coincide with this day. wholeness Jesus rose from the dead on this day.Two Sunday was the number 1 Day of the week and the first day of creation.Three Jesus sent down the Holy Spirit On The Pentecost.Sunday is in like manner a day of celebration when Catholics come to put downher to give praise to God and to thank God for what he has given all of them.Sport nowadays has become big business for all involved. Among all the big names in sport no one objects to playing on Sundays because of all of the bullion involved. This is just a small list of all the sports that are being played on SundaysAlthough sport is played on money for reasons other the money many include because of TV rights and because of sponsors. Christians should not wages part on sport on Sunday because sport is seen as work in the churchs eyes. Many values are expressed in sport such as sportsmanship, fairpla y etc.Shopping is the import of the changing faces of Sunday is becoming the most popular one. Many family lifestyles revolve around the parents work and because many parents only get to see their children at the weekends. The weekend is often regarded as the days to get the shopping done and many rely on Sunday heavily. Since seven day shopping was legalised in 1977, many have taken advantage over the law. Teresa Murray head of the N. Ireland Region Of Shopping Centres said Sunday Shopping has become like a leisure pursuit for families and has become an important profession day for people in business.Business provides a service and depending on the demand it either succeeds or fails and on Sunday nowadays shopping has become a demand so in order to dissemble money business open for the maximum hours allowed which is six. Many working families dont have much time to authorize so end up using Sunday to spend time with there children or getting tings that they could get during t he week such as grocery shopping. All the added time spend on Sundays has change magnitude the employment needed for Sundays. Bob Gourley head of N. Ireland Shop Workers Union said they had been opposed to the Sunday work laws and had in fact boycotted them for many years but however hard they try Sunday trading has become a reality. Our workers only work on Sunday where it is done by agreement

What is Joyces perception Essay Example for Free

What is Joyces perception EssayIn the capital of Irelanders Joyce trails the children in his stories from childhood to maturity gradu eithery increasing in age from one story to the next. The characters in the first three stories are young enough to all the same entertain hopes and dreams of their openhanded lives and the adventures and knowledges that they might take on. These first three stories The Sisters, An Encounter and Araby are all check off in the childhood stages of life. In all three of these stories the children get by across as young, innocent and very nai ve. for each one one of the children in each of the stories nabs or discovers at least one thing ab out(a)(p)(predicate) the adult cosmos that they live in. There are three words that describe the childhood earth in capital of Ireland at this time perfectly and they are isolation, paralysis and entrapment. In The Sisters the male child discovers the reality of terminal when a close adult friend of h is dies. At the beginning of the story he is intrigued by the world paralysis, It filled me with fear, and yet I longed to be nearer it and to look upon its deadly work. This boy had not come across the idea of confinement to one particular place or room like the death non-Christian priest was on his deathbed and the idea was a strange one for him. He destinyed to understand it and when the priest dies the child grows to understand the idea a bit better. The priest is said to have taught him a wide deal, mind you and they say he had a great wish for him. The priest assumed that the boy would want to go into the church without any discussion or ideas from the boy, this shows that during this time in capital of Ireland the youth were head by the adults around them, they followed on doing the same cable as them.The children of this time just thought that this is what happened and they didnt have the choice of what they wanted to do as they entered adulthood, this is an example o f entrapment in childhood. In An Encounter the boy discovers the putridness of the adult world. As a child the boy believes that all adults are trusted. The boy meets this stranger and the gentleman takes an unusual liking to the boy and pays a strange amount of attention to him.There securems to be a sexual nature about the attention that he is paying to the boy and the boy does not see this at the beginning and speaks to the man about literature and school punishments but then the boy come out to understand that this is not the way that most adults have spoken to him before and he sees that well-nighthing is strange about this and so tries to get away from the man. He had not seen this side of the adult world before and he then did not know how to react towards the people around him, he understands that not everyone is to be trusted. The boy in Araby has just discovered a young lady that he has strong feelings for.He wants to please the girl and so he agrees that he will go to the bazaar on the different side of Dublin and buy her a present. From the story it seems that she is a bit older than the boy and seems to have had more experience of people of the other sex and knows how to manipulate the boy and enjoys how much she knows the boy likes her. In this story the boy discovers the opposite sex and the circulation that relationships and the opposite sex themselves can lead you into. The boy was so determined to go to the bazaar just to impress this girl, maybe he wouldnt have gone if the girl didnt want some thing from there.There are lots of ideas of circulation in the three stories about childhood. At the time that Joyce has set these stories there was a lot of circulation in Dublin, the children would have found it very hard to get out of the way that people wanted them to react and behave. They would have found it hard to find a job for themselves most families had generations of their families in the same job and workplace it would even have be en hard for them to leave Dublin and Ireland as there were not great opportunities at that time for these people.All of the children in Dubliners live with their auntie and uncle whether this is because the children have been abandoned by their parents of have left with them due to professional or any other reason is not known, but this shows that there is a great sense of family based groups in Dublin at this time and there may not be a way of getting out of this again, the idea of entrapment and circulation. I believe that children at the time that Joyce wrote the stories of children in the Dubliners were not aware of the dangers of the adult world around them.I think that they are very nai ve and innocent and they have a lot to learn about themselves and those around them. In these particular stories these children discover death, the corruption of adulthood and the opposite sex. These are all very important this in the growing towards adolescence and then adulthood. I think t hat Joyce was very aware of the development of children at this time and I believe that he conveys their youth and naivety very well in the stories that he wrote.

Skepticism Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Skepticism doctrine EssaySkepticism It screws from the classical word skeptikoi which means seekers or inquirers. It refers to the critical attitude wherein a man questions different things including the well-known exacting integrity or knowledge. Note that skepticism ( philosophic that is) should be contrasted with philosophical dogmatism wherein the latter is the direct adversary of the former. Philosophical dogmatism refers to an attitude wherein a man believes to have absolute truth/knowledge (dogma, moment strict rules). Short History of Skepticism Classical Skepticism.Gorgias A Sophist who believed that naught really endures. He lived from 483-376 B. C. (Leontini, Italy). He went to Athens to fulfill his mission as an ambassador. He was a student of Empedocles. In Greece, he was the mentor of Thucydides (author of the Peloponnesian War) and Isocrates. His issue with regard to the school of thought of existence foot be understood by having a full grip on t he logical contradiction. His whole idea of existence commences from the premise that nothing exists. Or, if mostthing exists, it must come from another beginning.The fund of the existence of whatsoeverthing is said to be unknowable. Also, Gorgias postulated that a being should come from another being. It is impossible for this being to come from nothing. We shadow regard Gorgias as a Sophist rather than a skeptic. It should be noted, however, that early skepticism came from the early comprehend school of thought, and that is unemotional personism. Philosophical Skepticism The next be the philosophical inquiries of the skeptics 1. Epistemology Can man attain absolute knowledge? Where does the absolute knowledge come from? How does intelligence perception operate in the service of achieving knowledge? 2. Metaphysics What is/ ar the composition/s of the universe? What ar the distinguishing features of human nature? Does God exist? 3. Ethics What should be the qual ifying factors to assess human suffer? Is it possible for man to determine whether an proceeding is morally right or wrong? 4. Metaphilosophy Is Philosophy operative to human life? What are the proper aims and goals of philosophical inquiry? Phyrro and Stoicism He is considered as the so unitaryst philosophical skeptic in Western philosophy.He lived from 360 to 270 B. C. Some scholars find a political origin of Phyrros skepticism in this on the theory that traumatic periods produce disillusionment and resignation, the souring and obsolescence of conventional beliefs, a tenacious relativism of beliefs, virtues, and habits that will not assign absolute superiority to any, and a need for new(a) methods of coping in a hectic world. Taught that peace of mind was the highest end of life and that knowledge of truth was required to attain and maintain it. Phyrro accordingly sought truth, however for e very(prenominal) philosophical question that the Stoic philosophy answers it i s being contradicted by several other schools of thought. What was worse was that each position had reasons and evidence to delay itself and to subvert and refute its opponents. He gave up in despair and admitted to himself that he could not decide among them and did not know what was true. The Stoics were accused by the Greeks as proponents of dogmatism It is the direct antonym of skepticism. A doctrinaire is authorized that knowledge is possible, because he is certain that he have some. A person is still a dogmatist even if he is not certain, but still asserts something to be true, whether on a hunch, an intuition, and a perceived plenitude of evidence, mystical impulses, blatant prejudice, or idiotic repetition. A. Academic Skepticism Asserts that at least some truths are completely unknowable. Cicero postulated that Nothing could be known except the position that nothing else could be known. B. verifiable Skepticism An empirical skeptic is someone who refuses to acce pt certain kinds of claims without first subjecting them to a series of scientific investigation. Difference between an empirical skeptic and philosophical skeptic a philosophical skeptic denies the very existence of knowledge while an empirical skeptic merely seeks for proof before accepting a claim. C. Scientific Skepticism A branch of empirical skepticism that addresses scientific claims. It uses scientific techniques in narrate to validate the acquired knowledge. D. Religious Skepticism It refers to incredulity towards faith. Religious skeptics based their claims according to immortality, providence and revelation. A religious skeptic is not necessarily an atheist or an agnostic. David Hume He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. David was only 2 years old when his father died. He was fond of studying Mathematics, History, Ancient and way of lifern Philosophy and Science. His major(ip) philosophical plant are o A Treatise of Human record (which he completed from 1739-174 0) o Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding (1748) o Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751) o Dialogues Concerning Religion (1779) He is also considered as one of the dress hat British empiricists along with George Berkeley and can Locke. His philosophy was partially influenced by Adam Smith (his tight fitting friend) and Cicero (ancient philosopher). David Humes Skeptic insure on Reality and Human Belief David Hume is one of the superior skeptics in the history of Philosophy. He also influenced the development of the twain philosophical schools of thought empiricism and skepticism. Humes View on Reality jibe to Hume, on that point are two distinctions of mental concept, to wit, impressions and ideas. Impression refers to the direct, vivid, and forceful products of fast experience. Ideas these are merely feeble copies of these original expressions. It should be emphasized that these two distinctions should be treated one at a time with each other. Humes View o n Human Belief Relations of Ideas/Priori beliefs grounded on associations formed at heart the mind. Matters of Fact/Posteriori beliefs that claim to report the nature of existing things. _____________________________________________________________________________ GROUP FOUR UTILITARIAN PHILOSOPHY radical Concepts (Formal Definitions) Etymologically speaking, the word functionalism comes from the Latin word utilis, which means useful. In Ethics, utilitarianism is a doctrine that what is useful is heavy, and consequently, that the ethical appraise of conduct is determined by the utility of the result. useful philosophers believe that it is normal for human beings to perform activities which trine towards happiness (that is, to maximize happiness and to avoid painful sensation). This theory is under the normative political theory. Normative policy-making supposition this theory asks a particular question as what is ought to be as compared to the question what is in political life.It is not confined on the setting or constructing moral theories, however, it analyzes the effects of the constructed moral theories in the political life of an one-on-one and how it is being applied/practiced in the actual political arena. This salute of the normative political theory is spearheaded by Jeremy Bentham. He is a radical 19th century companionable reformer, who is apparently a utilitarian. Bentham argues that the nature of human beings is to obtain happiness (self-satisfaction) and to avoid pain. In this regard, the morally correct political decisions are based on the collective happiness of the ordering. This collective happiness may be characterized in the form of utility. This utility could be of any kind that would bring happiness to the society (i. e. property, advantage, opportunity, goods, run etc. ). Bentham did not provide theories or methods on how to attain affable utility or maximation of happiness. According to him, the attainment of happiness depends on how an psyche defines his/her happiness. In connection to this, every member of the society which comprises the whole society should consolidate their definition of happiness in order to obtain amicable utility. It should be emphasized that Bentham was focused on the interest of community/group. The supreme objective of moral action and the arse on which all morality should be grounded is the achievement of the greatest happiness/satisfaction of the greater number. Nature of Utilitarianism Because this philosophy is greatly focused on the achievement (or maximization) of happiness, it doesnt matter whether the result of the consequence is good or bad. Recall the famous maxim of Niccolo Machiavelli the end justifies the means. Hedonism It refers to an ideology wherein happiness can be frame between pleasure and pain. Utilitarian philosophers also use hedonistic compression wherein they believe that a disciplinarian could good determine the unit of pleasure and of pain. O Benthams hedonistic calculus has similar concept with the theory of Epicurus. O The hedonistic calculus is used to determine the total substance of pleasure and pain of an individual. O Moral agent person who conducts hedonistic calculus. Historical Traces of Utilitarian Philosophy It is believed that Utilitarian philosophy flourished in England. We can presuppose the fact that utilitarianism came from English philosophy. Some historians argued that Richard Cumberland originally perceived the idea of utilitarianism. He was an English philosopher and theologian (bishop of Peterborough). Afterwards, a British moral sense philosopher clearly delimitate the utilitarian philosophy. Francis Hutcheson did not only explain the philosophical perspective of utilitarianism which is the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers but he also provided for a mechanism for calculating the appropriate consequences of the activities to attain such happiness. This mechanis m is called moral arithmetic. Jeremy Bentham, a prominent figure in utilitarian philosophy, admitted that he found the regulation of utility from the writings of the following 18th century thinkers o Joseph Priestly a priest who was known for his discovery of oxygen. o Cesaria Beccaria an in effect(p) in jural matters (Italian legal theorist). o Claude-Adrien Helvetius author of a philosophy of mere sensation. basin mirthful (biblical scholar and philosopher) he considered Gods will as the greatest qualifying factor for virtue. Furthermore, he argued that Gods goodness is the source of human happiness.Utilitarian Philosophers 1. Jeremy Bentham (Developer of Utilitarian Philosophy) Life Bentham was a legal theorist, linguist, social philosopher and political activist. He came from a wealthy family from England. Bentham was sent to Westminster School (one of the prestigious school in England) and Queens College Oxford. He was also a practicing legalityyer however, he showed an unwavering interest in philosophy. o He examined the philosophical works of David Hume, Helvetius and Beccaria. Eventually, he started to form his own idea of utilitarianism.o Bentham argued that the escape of pain and the pursuit of pleasure are the natural drives of human activity, as recognized by the dogma of utility. 2. William Paley Life Paley was born in July, 1743 (Peterborough, England). He accomplish his religious degree (Anglican priesthood) at Christ College in Cambridge. He became a tutor of Christ College three years after he graduated from the verbalise school. According to Paley, utilitarianism is a combination ofindividualistic hedonism (mean between pleasure and pain) and theological authoritarianism. 3. James lurk Life Mill was born in April 6, 1773 (Forfarshire). He was a son of shoemaker in Montrose. He was sent to the University of Edinburgh in 1790 and his education was financed by Sir John Stuart. James Mill received his M. A. degree in E dinburgh. He was a full pledged preacher. However, Mill gradually lost his faith and decided to transfer in Scotland until John Stuart invited him to live in London. He became a writer of the Literary Journal in London. It can be said that the closure of the Literary Journal had made him write various essays, articles and other literary works such as his review on the history of Corn Laws and etc. He was the father of John Stuart Mill, another utilitarian philosopher. According to Mill, the avoidance of pain and the pursuit of pleasure are the two essential motivating forces behind human actions. He also justified the existence of the presidential term in the society. He stated that the institution of the political relation exists to ensure these twin aims (maximization of pleasure and avoidance of pain) are fulfilled for the greatest number of batch possible. Effects of Utilitarianism in Other Disciplines Utilitarian philosophy has been so important to the handle of politi cs, law and economics. Its theories are still relevant in the contemporary times especially in version important political decisions, maintenance of social perceptual constancy (pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain) and etc. A. Law For instance, some viewed punishment as tantamount to retributive theory. This theory simply states that a criminal (i. e. convicted rapist, murderer or robber) should be punished to pay for his crime. According to the utilitarian philosophy, punishment is served not to facilitate retribution/retaliation but to reform the criminal and insulate the society from him. B.Politics v According to the utilitarian philosophers, the best form of government is democracy. Social contract, natural rights and natural law are the bases of government authority and enormousness of individual rights. v Democracy comes from the Greek word demos which means people. It coincides with the philosophical aim of utilitarian philosophy wherein the general interest of the people (and maximization of their happiness) should be the basis of the governments political decisions. v Utilitarian philosophy is also known for its relative views on socio-political issues. According to this philosophy, a strong government should be needed to restrain the selfish interests of its subjects. As mentioned before, one of the main responsibilities of the government is to maintain the stability of political order. Based on this principle, the utilitarian argument is on the side of conservative/authoritarian position. national socialist Germany (Adolf Hitler) Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin) Cuba (Fidel Castro) On the other hand, William Godwin (founder of philosophical anarchism) had an optimistic view of human nature (parallel to the philosophical theory of John Locke with regard to human nature).According to him, the pursuit of greatest happiness may widen into philosophical anarchism. Philosophical anarchism Godwin emphasized that values must be deeply im bibed in every individual. Furthermore, he argued that sufficient supply of goods (economic resources) should be equally distributed to ensure that the economic needs of the society are flop fulfilled. He hoped that government authorities must formulate laws to equalize the unfair distribution of wealth. Furthermore, Godwin stated that the government should minimize its involvement to promote academic freedom. C. Economics. Early utilitarian philosophers argued that the government should not meddle on economic affairs of the society. Later on, they admitted that the government has a significant role in the economy. Jeremy Benthams Mode of Thinking Theory of Psychological Hedonism According to Bentham, human behavior can be explained by compose to the primary motives of pleasure and pain. Pleasure and pain it is believed that nature has placed mankind under the governance of these two motives. Utilitarian philosophers always ask questions involving what we ought to do and what we shall do. Bentham argued that the human individual is the basic unit of social sphere. An individuals relation with others is unnecessary of being what he is. He defined relation as a fictitious reality. Community, on the other hand, refers to the sum of the interests of the individuals who composed it. However, there are some instances that the interests tend to copse with each other. Such occurrence diminishes the main concept of community (sum of the interests of the individuals). Bentham argued that the government and legislation should work in concert to harmonize the aforementioned conflict. Benthams Moral Theory The following are the characteristics of Benthams moral philosophy Principle of utility It is synonymous to the greatest happiness principle. It concerns the interests of the people who are in question it can be the whole community, an individual or a small portion of the group. Bentham enumerated the advantages of the principle, to wit O The principle s hould not be consulted to metaphysics philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. Thus, the main essence of the principle can be easily grasped. O The utilitarian principle offers objective criterion of right and wrong application of hedonistic calculus Universal egoism or altruism Assuming that the said institutions (government and legislation) successfully harmonized the interests of every individual in the community, the people may tend to work altruistically to pursue the common good. O selflessness it refers to the unselfish concern to the general welfare of others. Determination of common interest Hedonistic Ethics Utilitarian ethics can be defined as an art in which mans action is geared towards maximum quantity of happiness.Benthams Political Theory According to Jeremy Bentham, one can run across law and politics if he/she has a good grasp of human nature. On Liberty Bentham defined liberty as a freedom from any external control. A person can be considered as free i f he/she is not under the influence of another person. In his theory on liberty, Bentham argued that there is no such thing as a state of nature and social contract. He postulated that the latter is only historical and novel literature. On Law Bentham viewed law as a childbed/limitation of liberty.It can beconsidered as pain (a prima facie evil) to those whose freedom is restricted. The governing law inside the society cannot be considered as a natural law because it is according to the will of the Sovereign (ruler). Bentham proposed that the law should be in accordance with the natural law, that is, it should be paralleled with the common interest of the people. The following are the arrogant functions of good laws (although Bentham still regarded laws as restriction to liberty) Good laws are essential to good government. Good laws are necessary to maintain social stability. Good laws develop and protect the peoples personal and framework resources. On Rights Benthams vi ew on rights can be rooted on his philosophy about(predicate) natural law. According to Bentham, rights are produced by laws, and as affirmed before, laws can be attributed to the will of the Sovereign. Socio-political physical composition must be formed in order for these two to exist. Bentham related his view on the social contract theory with the existence and use of rights. According to him, it is impossible that rights exist before the establishment of the government. According to Jeremy Bentham, the theory of social contract is impossible (if not historical) because in order for the said contract to bind, there must be an established government to enforce such contract. In reverse, the government must exist before the definition of different rights. This would again, lead into the issue with regard to law and liberty (where the Sovereign dictates the amount of liberty and rights that should be given to the people).John Stuart Mills Mode of Thinking Moral Theory J. S.Mil ls two distinct approaches to moral theory Intuitive Approach knowledge is attained without having an appeal to experience. Inductive Approach knowledge is gained through observation and experience. J. S. Mills Utilitarian Philosophy Mill believed that actions are right if they tend to promote happiness and wrong if they tend to deliver the opposite of it. For him, happiness can be associated with intellectual and sensual pleasure. He also stated that everything we desire can be considered as happiness. The following are some of the examples of happiness Virtue Love of money male monarch Fame He also enumerated two kinds of motivation External Motivation this arises from hope of pleasing or misgiving of displeasing God and other humankind. Internal Motivation this arises from duty. Duty it refers to the subjective feeling which develops through experience. Furthermore, humans have an instinctive feeling of unity which guides the development of duty towards greater happiness. Mills validation of the Principle of Utility The only way to prove that general happiness is desirable is to show that people actually desire it. For instance, if X is the only thing desired, then X is the only thing that ought to be desired. General happiness is the thing desired. On Justice Apparently, J. S. Mills concept of justice is paralleled to the utilitarian philosophy. There are two essential elements on justice, to wit Punishment it is a combination of social sympathy and vengeance Violation of someones rights infringement of rights. There are disputes in the fantasy of justice when examining theories of punishments, fair distribution of wealth and etc. Political and Social Philosophy On individualisation J. S. Mill prescribed two criteria to determine the best kind of individual, to wit Someone who is individually trustworthy for his own beliefs and actions. Someone who will not only be happy in his own aspect but will be concerned with and co ntribute to the happiness of others. Social Institutions that Contribute to Individuality devoid and uncensored debate. J. S. Mill regarded liberty as a fundamental human right. Democracy and representative governments upgrade freedom and speech.

Ethics and Legal Environment Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Legal Environment EssaySomethings Rotten in Hondo is a national wherein a jell manager, George Mackee, needs to decide whether to get rid of the charges shoot the breezeed by the surroundingsal Protection Agency or EPA or to move in Mexico. He is in a plight because if he would choose the former, he has very little chance of eliminating the line since Bill, George boss, refuses to finance the cleaning of the smokestack. On the some different hand, if he would choose the last menti onenessd, he has to lay off his current employees and hire Mexican workers as a trade-off for non being reprimanded ab pop the EPA standards. His boss leaves the purpose up to him. The most limpid good concerns in this case atomic number 18 deuce-fold. The first one is that if George would choose the first option that is to turn out a outline or a technique that would eradicate the problem with the fines imposed by EPA, he would have to follow what his contemporaries are doi ng that is by scheduling the heavy emissions of smokestack during nighttime when the EPA is non in patrol. This entails that he would allow the severance of the purlieual pollution ( peculiarly air pollution) for the exchange of not stipendiary any fines to EPA.On the contrary, if George would choose the flake option that is to relocate in Mexico, he would have to dis channelize most of his current employees in place of the Mexican workers. And much(prenominal) would include the laying off of his friends and elongated families. Further much, if he would choose the second option, he would be tolerant of the air pollution caused by the determines incapacity to reduce air pollutants. In effect, George has a deal eliminated the problem of the party on fines issued by EPA. Application of Ethical Theories The case presented in this paper suggests particular ethical problems.For this matter, the author presents two unequivocal ethical dilemmas for George to decide on Should he decide to relocate the plant to Mexico or should he unless follow the outline used by his contemporaries? But before he could arrive to a decision, he essential first analyze the pros and cons of his decision. If he would choose the former, he could really eliminate the problem with the imposition of fines by the EPA since Mexico assure him that it would not reprimand the plant whatever it does. The only thing is that he has to hire Mexican workers that which implies laying off of his present employees including his friends and extended families.Conversely, if he would agree with that proposal he would besides have to bear the dreadful effects of the plants operations on the environment, particularly on U. S. Nonetheless, if he would choose the latter, he could also get rid of the problem with the fines imposed by EPA because of giveure to meet its guidelines. However, he has to take so much risk by doing the alike strategy being used by his contemporaries. In addition, he a lso has to endure the environmental effects of much(prenominal) strategy just to avoid being reprimanded again by EPA and his boss. Kantian Categorical ImperativeIf he would apply Kantians Categorical Imperative that is by doing his work, he ought not to do the strategy utilized by his contemporaries (his first option). This is for the reason that he has a duty to protect the environment for both the present and future generations. Plus the fact that his workers have to suffer if he would fire them out of their industrial plant. Kants Categorical Imperative suggests two maxims in which a individual could use to examine the holiness of his action. The first maxim states that an action is morally right if one could make such action a universal law.This factor that if one could make his action universal or applicable to all others by making it a rule then such action is morally accepted thus it is right. The second maxim, in contrast, focuses on the idea of eternally treating all military man persons as ends and never as means to an end. This maxim argues that every human person has dignity to be respected and has rights as a human thus everyone moldiness act in promoting others rights and not promoting harm to them On the other hand, Kant would not also choose the second option because it also implies environmental degradation.Though he avoids being fined by EPA as well as not even up being reprimanded by EPA whatever their operation is, for Kant, he would fail to do the maxims under the Categorical Imperative. He could never make his action or decision as a universal law. Likewise, he would treat other people as mere instruments to achieve his close by inflicting heath hazards due to smokestack emissions. Kant would suggest that George must never make a decision that would tend to harm the environment because such would also cause severe consequences to the people. As evident in the two options, both would result to the degradation of the environmen t.Thus, Kant would say that George decision, whichever of the two, would be unethical and morally wrong. Kant would recommend that George must be able to descry ways that would not lead to the toleration of environmental pollution. For example, George could instead persuade his boss that the only way to compute the problem that would not require him to sacrifice the welfare of the environment is to invest for juvenile technologies that would lessen the emission of smokestack. And such would not even require new scrubbers. much(prenominal) action is a long-term advantage for the telephoner as well as for the environment. Mills UtilitarianismJS Mills Utilitarianism would even strengthen the position of not deciding on either of the two options since both would result to environmental pollution. Mills Utilitarianism is premised on the idea that an action is right if it promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest number. In other words, Utilitarian convention is mainly dire cted towards the social advantage of an act. This means that if an action can benefit or inflict advantages to more people then such action is morally right. In the case of George, either of the two options would make him tolerate the harm through against the environment.Environment is an essential mechanism that is necessary for human survival. If he would choose the first or the latter option as his decision, he could save the company only if inflict great harm to more number of people. Mill would say that George must devise a way in which he could drop d bear the crisis in the company without sacrificing the environment because lots people, including him and his family, depend on the environments gifts. Thus, Mill would also recommend the analogous thing as Kant. Convince his boss by arguing that it is risky and unhealthful to the environment if he would follow what his contemporaries are doing.If EPA would find out such underground activities, the company could even be sanc tioned more than the imposition of fines. The same thing goes with the second option. If the government of U. S. would find out that the companys operation cause harsh effects to their environment then in that respect is a big possibility that U. S. would inflict undesirable measures against the company. Rights-based Theory on Decision-making The rights-based theories suggest that it is not always the case that the morality of an action is based on the great benefit that it can produce.At the same time, the rights-based theories do not solely advocate the respect of rights of human persons. These theories suggest that while everyone has a duty to recognize and value the rights of other people (negative rights) it is also everyones duty to promote for others goals (positive rights). In such manner, the contending ethical theories of Kantianism and Utilitarianism are reconciled in a way that both their concerns are being considered. In the first place, rights are inviolable. They are inalienable or cannot be taken aside from human persons no matter what the situation is.Thus, there is no sufficient and rational reason to go against their rights without their consent. The rights-based theories are premised on the idea that every person has the right to choose on how he would like to live his own life. It is not only a persons duty to respect these rights but also to promote the accomplishment of the goals of other people. By doing so, the rights defined earlier are more strengthen and more realized. In the case of Hondo, George, as a manager, has a duty towards the company. Still, he has duty towards other people.Choosing either of the two decisions would disrespect the rights and disregard the goals of these people. For the rights-based theories, such decision is unethical. The more appropriate way to solve the problem is for George to lend money from a bank so as to install new applied science that would lessen the emission of smokestack. He does not really need to hire new scrubbers. By having new technology, for instance machines that clean smokestack, he would not have to result to environmental pollution. It is costly in the inauguration but its benefits would be greatly appreciated in the long run. Justice-based Theories in Decision-makingIn justice-based theories, the overriding principle is focus on the idea of fair. According to John Rawls, the morality of an action can only be measured by appealing to the principle of justice. In his A Theory of Justice, he suggests two principles indecorum and wealth. The former is expressed to explain justice by saying that all must have an tint extent in which they can enjoy and practice their liberties. A least extensive curtailment of acquaintance is advocated on the condition that such would be shared by all. This entails that an act is right is the product of such act is amenable to all.Hence, justice, in such context, is morally right. In resolving the ethical dilemma approach by G eorge, Justice-based theories would advice him to consider if his decision would be fair to all. Obviously, both options are not beneficial to all. And at the same time, these two options are not the only available options which George has. If he would employ either one of the two options, he would not be just knowing that if he would be in the place of other people who depend on and survive through environment he would not also endure such nor be entrusting to agree with such idea.It could be the case that the he and the company are amenable to either of the two options. Nevertheless, others are not really disposed to accept such. Hence, George must not employ such decisions. For George, he could, instead, make control-strategies that would monitor and regulate the emission of smokestack before, during, and even after the plants operation in order to examine well the problems concerning the smokestack. Furthermore he could meet with his workers and discuss the problem. He may soli cit suggestions on how they could lessen the pollution secreted by their plant onto the environment.After that, he may ask for support from banks by lending or getting loan. Kohlbergs Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg was from the line of Piaget who used moral framework to discuss the psychological development of a human person. His thesis on Moral Development suggests that there are six stages wherein a person passes through before he reaches the ultimate state of being a moral person. This theory will be used to show how Kohlbergs method would help George in resolving his faced ethical dilemma.The first stage is focus on the idea that one person is initially instructed to obey laws such that he could avoid punishment. This is the primary conception on morality that a person has during his early years. With regards to the case presented in this paper, the appeal to laws and rules concerning environmental protection is the most obvious consideration for Georges decision. He would not decide either of the two options since both would make him violate the law regarding the protection of the environment.On the other hand, if he fails to solve the problem immediately, he might receive punishment from his boss (i. e. termination or demotion). The point is that which of the two punishments could George endure more? More likely than not, he would choose not be imprisoned than being demoted or terminated by his boss. The second stage suggests that every person has his own way of thinking which makes every topic or matter subjective to each person. The thing that works for someone or the thing that is considered right by someone may not be the same for another person.Thus, morality in this stage is relative. George could say that the least that he could that would benefit him and put him out of the dilemma that he is in is by either doing the first option or the second option. both(prenominal) would mean resolution of his problem yet would cause damage to the enviro nment. If he is a nature-lover he would not go for such decision. But if he is a money-lover, he would employ one of the two alternatives.The 3rd stage is concern on the character in which a person thinks of ways on how he can do good things to the persons close to him (e. . family and friends). This means that his initial moral outlook is directed towards the things that he can do for the sake of his loved ones. In the case, if George is at this stage, he would be more habituated to decide and act so as to promote his family and friends welfare. Thus, if he would decide on his problem, he would not choose to relocate since his wife is not in favor of this idea and such will inflict great personal unhappiness to his friends who work in the plant.